Pain management is crucial for successful endodontic treatment.  Appropriate pain control must be based on a good understanding of pain mechanisms and pharmacology. This knowledge will help create a foundation necessary for identifying reasons for anesthetic failures and overcoming these challenges.  Thus, this session will review the current status of pain mechanisms, including new findings that are relevant to the clinical management of our patients.

At the end of this session, participants will:
 
a)     Understand the primary reasons for anesthetic challenges
b)    Identify pharmacological differences among most commonly used anesthetics
c)     List at least three different strategies to achieve anesthesia in challenging cases. 

Speaker Bio:

Dr. Anibal Diogenes received his dental degree from UFPE in Brazil, his M.S. in Molecular Biology from the University of Nebraska, and his Ph.D. in Pharmacology and his Certificate in Endodontics from the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Dr. Diogenes is the Chair of the Department of Endodontics at the University of Texas Health at San Antonio, and a Director of the American Board of Endodontics. His areas of research include inflammation, pain, and regenerative endodontics.  He has received the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) Distinguished Research Award, the AAE Osetek Award, and the Minnie Stevens Piper Foundation Professorship Award. Dr. Diogenes maintains a clinical practice limited to Endodontics in San Antonio, Texas. 

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